Chunk-Process a Large Newsletter Send with Laravel Job Batching and Progress Tracking

<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use App\Models\NewsletterSend;
use App\Models\Subscriber;
use App\Mail\NewsletterMail;
use Illuminate\Bus\Batchable;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
use Throwable;

class SendNewsletterChunk implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Batchable, Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public int $tries = 3;
    public int $backoff = 30;

    public function __construct(
        public int $sendId,
        public array $subscriberIds
    ) {}

    public function handle(): void
    {
        if ($this->batch()?->cancelled()) {
            return;
        }

        $send = NewsletterSend::findOrFail($this->sendId);
        $sent = 0;
        $failed = 0;

        $recipients = Subscriber::whereIn('id', $this->subscriberIds)
            ->where('subscribed', true)
            ->get(['id', 'email', 'name']);

        foreach ($recipients as $subscriber) {
            try {
                Mail::to($subscriber->email)
                    ->send(new NewsletterMail($send, $subscriber));
                $sent++;
            } catch (Throwable $e) {
                report($e);
                $failed++;
            }
        }

        $send->increment('sent_count', $sent);
        $send->increment('failed_count', $failed);
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Bus;

class NewsletterSend extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'subject', 'body', 'status', 'batch_id', 'sent_count', 'failed_count',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'sent_count'   => 'integer',
        'failed_count' => 'integer',
        'completed_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    public function progress(): int
    {
        if (! $this->batch_id) {
            return $this->status === 'completed' ? 100 : 0;
        }

        $batch = Bus::findBatch($this->batch_id);

        return $batch ? $batch->progress() : 100;
    }

    public function isFinished(): bool
    {
        $batch = $this->batch_id ? Bus::findBatch($this->batch_id) : null;

        return $batch === null || $batch->finished();
    }

    public function markCompleted(): void
    {
        $this->update(['status' => 'completed', 'completed_at' => now()]);
    }

    public function settle(): void
    {
        if ($this->status !== 'completed') {
            $this->update(['status' => 'partial', 'completed_at' => now()]);
        }
    }
}