Batched writes with COPY (conceptual)

Row-by-row inserts are painfully slow for big ingests. Postgres COPY is a great bulk-ingestion tool, and in Node you can stream into COPY using libraries like pg-copy-streams. The important part is validating before you stream, because once you’re in COPY you want a clean pipeline. I also like loading into a staging table first, running integrity checks, and then merging into the main table via upserts. That makes bulk loads safer and easier to retry. I don’t reach for COPY every day, but when you need it, it’s a massive performance lever.