production:
adapter: postgresql
encoding: unicode
pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS", 5) %>
timeout: 5000
checkout_timeout: 5
reaping_frequency: 10
url: <%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
max_threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS", 5)
min_threads_count = ENV.fetch("RAILS_MIN_THREADS") { max_threads_count }
threads min_threads_count, max_threads_count
worker_timeout 3600 if ENV.fetch("RAILS_ENV", "development") == "development"
port ENV.fetch("PORT", 3000)
environment ENV.fetch("RAILS_ENV", "development")
# Preload app for better memory efficiency with workers
preload_app!
on_worker_boot do
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
end
Properly configured connection pools prevent ActiveRecord::ConnectionTimeoutError during traffic spikes while avoiding resource waste. The pool size should match your application's concurrency needs—for Puma with 5 threads per worker, I set pool: 5 in database.yml. I also configure checkout_timeout to fail fast when the pool is exhausted rather than blocking indefinitely. In containerized environments, I calculate the total pool size across all instances to stay under the database's connection limit. The reaping_frequency setting helps recover leaked connections that weren't properly released. Monitoring active connections and pool saturation reveals whether I need to scale horizontally or tune query performance.
Related snips
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
before_action :set_post
def create
@comment = @post.comments.build(comment_params)
System test: asserting Turbo Stream responses
class Post < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :author, class_name: 'User'
has_many :comments, dependent: :destroy
scope :published, -> { where.not(published_at: nil).where('published_at <= ?', Time.current) }
scope :draft, -> { where(published_at: nil) }
ActiveRecord scopes for reusable query logic
module Api
module V1
class UsersController < BaseController
def show
user = User.includes(:profile).find(params[:id])
ETags for conditional requests and caching
class PostsController < ApplicationController
def index
@posts = Post.includes(:author)
.order(created_at: :desc)
.page(params[:page])
.per(10)
Turbo Frames: infinite scroll with lazy-loading frame
require "csv"
class PeopleCsvStream
include Enumerable
HEADERS = %w[id full_name email signed_up_at plan].freeze
Resilient CSV Export as a Streamed Response
<form data-controller="query-sync" data-action="change->query-sync#apply">
<select name="status" class="rounded border p-2">
<option value="">Any</option>
<option value="open">Open</option>
<option value="closed">Closed</option>
</select>
Filter UI that syncs query params via Stimulus (no front-end router)
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