React Hook Form with async validation

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Async validation checks constraints that require server communication, like username availability or email uniqueness. React Hook Form's validate option accepts async functions that return error messages or true. I debounce async validators to avoid excessive requests and show loading states during validation. The form submission waits for all async validations to complete. For better UX, I show validation results inline as users type, with clear messaging about what's being checked. Async validation combines with Zod schemas using custom refinements. The key is balancing responsiveness (early feedback) with efficiency (not spamming the server). This pattern provides real-time validation without sacrificing performance.