AVFoundation for media playback

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AVFoundation provides comprehensive audio and video capabilities. AVPlayer plays media from URLs or local files with playback controls. AVPlayerLayer renders video content in views. I observe player state with KVO or Combine to track playback progress, buffering, and errors. AVPlayerItem represents the asset being played, providing duration and status. For background audio, I configure the audio session with AVAudioSession. Picture-in-picture requires AVPictureInPictureController. Custom controls replace system controls for branded experiences. For recording, AVCaptureSession manages camera and microphone input. AVFoundation also handles audio processing, speech synthesis, and QR code scanning.