Event handling and event delegation patterns in JavaScript

                  // Basic event listener
const button = document.getElementById('myButton');

button.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
  console.log('Button clicked!');
  console.log('Event type:', event.type);
  console.log('Target:', event.target);
});

// Arrow function syntax
button.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
  console.log('Clicked with arrow function');
});

// Named function (removable)
function handleClick(event) {
  console.log('Handling click');
}

button.addEventListener('click', handleClick);
button.removeEventListener('click', handleClick);

// Event object properties
document.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
  console.log('Type:', event.type);
  console.log('Target:', event.target);
  console.log('CurrentTarget:', event.currentTarget);
  console.log('Timestamp:', event.timeStamp);
  console.log('ClientX:', event.clientX);
  console.log('ClientY:', event.clientY);
});

// Prevent default behavior
const link = document.querySelector('a');
link.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  console.log('Link clicked but navigation prevented');
});

const form = document.querySelector('form');
form.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  console.log('Form submitted but page refresh prevented');

  const formData = new FormData(event.target);
  console.log(Object.fromEntries(formData));
});

// Stop propagation
const parent = document.getElementById('parent');
const child = document.getElementById('child');

parent.addEventListener('click', () => {
  console.log('Parent clicked');
});

child.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
  console.log('Child clicked');
  event.stopPropagation(); // Parent handler won't run
});

// Event delegation pattern
const list = document.getElementById('todoList');

// Instead of attaching to each item:
list.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
  // Filter by target element
  if (event.target.matches('.delete-btn')) {
    const todoItem = event.target.closest('.todo-item');
    todoItem.remove();
  }

  if (event.target.matches('.edit-btn')) {
    const todoItem = event.target.closest('.todo-item');
    editTodo(todoItem);
  }

  if (event.target.matches('.complete-checkbox')) {
    const todoItem = event.target.closest('.todo-item');
    todoItem.classList.toggle('completed');
  }
});

// Keyboard events
const input = document.getElementById('searchInput');

input.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
  console.log('Key:', event.key);
  console.log('Code:', event.code);
  console.log('Ctrl:', event.ctrlKey);
  console.log('Shift:', event.shiftKey);
  console.log('Alt:', event.altKey);

  // Specific key handling
  if (event.key === 'Enter') {
    console.log('Enter pressed');
    performSearch(event.target.value);
  }

  if (event.key === 'Escape') {
    event.target.value = '';
  }

  // Keyboard shortcuts
  if (event.ctrlKey && event.key === 's') {
    event.preventDefault();
    saveDocument();
  }
});

input.addEventListener('keyup', (event) => {
  console.log('Key released:', event.key);
});

input.addEventListener('input', (event) => {
  console.log('Input value:', event.target.value);
  // Fires on every character change
});

// Mouse events
const box = document.getElementById('box');

box.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => {
  console.log('Mouse entered (doesn\'t bubble)');
});

box.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
  console.log('Mouse left (doesn\'t bubble)');
});

box.addEventListener('mouseover', () => {
  console.log('Mouse over (bubbles)');
});

box.addEventListener('mouseout', () => {
  console.log('Mouse out (bubbles)');
});

box.addEventListener('mousemove', (event) => {
  console.log(`Position: ${event.clientX}, ${event.clientY}`);
});

box.addEventListener('mousedown', () => console.log('Mouse down'));
box.addEventListener('mouseup', () => console.log('Mouse up'));

// Focus events
const field = document.getElementById('emailField');

field.addEventListener('focus', () => {
  console.log('Field focused');
  field.classList.add('focused');
});

field.addEventListener('blur', () => {
  console.log('Field blurred');
  field.classList.remove('focused');
});

// Change event
const select = document.getElementById('category');
select.addEventListener('change', (event) => {
  console.log('Selected:', event.target.value);
});

// Event listener options
button.addEventListener('click', handler, {
  once: true,      // Remove after first invocation
  passive: true,   // Won't call preventDefault()
  capture: false   // Use bubbling phase (default)
});

// Capture vs Bubble
parent.addEventListener('click', () => {
  console.log('Parent - Capture phase');
}, true); // Capture

parent.addEventListener('click', () => {
  console.log('Parent - Bubble phase');
}, false); // Bubble

child.addEventListener('click', () => {
  console.log('Child - Target phase');
});

// Custom events
const myEvent = new CustomEvent('userLogin', {
  detail: {
    username: 'alice',
    timestamp: Date.now()
  },
  bubbles: true,
  cancelable: true
});

document.addEventListener('userLogin', (event) => {
  console.log('User logged in:', event.detail);
});

document.dispatchEvent(myEvent);

// Debouncing events
function debounce(func, delay) {
  let timeoutId;
  return function(...args) {
    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
    timeoutId = setTimeout(() => func.apply(this, args), delay);
  };
}

const searchInput = document.getElementById('search');
const debouncedSearch = debounce((value) => {
  console.log('Searching for:', value);
  performSearch(value);
}, 300);

searchInput.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
  debouncedSearch(e.target.value);
});

// Throttling events
function throttle(func, limit) {
  let inThrottle;
  return function(...args) {
    if (!inThrottle) {
      func.apply(this, args);
      inThrottle = true;
      setTimeout(() => inThrottle = false, limit);
    }
  };
}

const throttledScroll = throttle(() => {
  console.log('Scroll position:', window.scrollY);
}, 200);

window.addEventListener('scroll', throttledScroll);

// Touch events (mobile)
const touchArea = document.getElementById('touchArea');

touchArea.addEventListener('touchstart', (event) => {
  console.log('Touch started');
  console.log('Touches:', event.touches.length);
});

touchArea.addEventListener('touchmove', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault(); // Prevent scrolling
  const touch = event.touches[0];
  console.log(`Touch at: ${touch.clientX}, ${touch.clientY}`);
});

touchArea.addEventListener('touchend', () => {
  console.log('Touch ended');
});

// Drag and drop
const draggable = document.getElementById('draggable');
const dropZone = document.getElementById('dropZone');

draggable.addEventListener('dragstart', (event) => {
  event.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', event.target.id);
  event.target.style.opacity = '0.5';
});

draggable.addEventListener('dragend', (event) => {
  event.target.style.opacity = '1';
});

dropZone.addEventListener('dragover', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault(); // Allow drop
  dropZone.classList.add('drag-over');
});

dropZone.addEventListener('dragleave', () => {
  dropZone.classList.remove('drag-over');
});

dropZone.addEventListener('drop', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  const id = event.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');
  const element = document.getElementById(id);
  dropZone.appendChild(element);
  dropZone.classList.remove('drag-over');
});

// Window events
window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
  console.log(`Window size: ${window.innerWidth}x${window.innerHeight}`);
});

window.addEventListener('load', () => {
  console.log('Page fully loaded');
});

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
  console.log('DOM ready');
});

window.addEventListener('beforeunload', (event) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  event.returnValue = ''; // Show confirmation dialog
});

// Cleanup pattern
class Component {
  constructor(element) {
    this.element = element;
    this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
    this.element.addEventListener('click', this.handleClick);
  }

  handleClick(event) {
    console.log('Component clicked');
  }

  destroy() {
    this.element.removeEventListener('click', this.handleClick);
  }
}

const component = new Component(button);
// Later: component.destroy();