Canvas API for graphics and animations

                  // Get canvas and context
const canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

// 1. Basic shapes
// Rectangle (filled)
ctx.fillStyle = '#4285f4';
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 100, 80); // x, y, width, height

// Rectangle (outline)
ctx.strokeStyle = '#ea4335';
ctx.lineWidth = 3;
ctx.strokeRect(130, 10, 100, 80);

// Clear rectangle
ctx.clearRect(15, 15, 90, 70);

// 2. Paths
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(250, 50);
ctx.lineTo(300, 100);
ctx.lineTo(250, 150);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = '#34a853';
ctx.fill();

// 3. Circles and arcs
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(380, 80, 40, 0, Math.PI * 2); // x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle
ctx.fillStyle = '#fbbc04';
ctx.fill();

// Arc (partial circle)
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(480, 80, 40, 0, Math.PI); // Half circle
ctx.strokeStyle = '#ea4335';
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.stroke();

// 4. Text
ctx.font = '24px Arial';
ctx.fillStyle = '#000';
ctx.fillText('Hello Canvas!', 10, 200);

ctx.strokeText('Outlined Text', 10, 240);

// Text alignment
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
ctx.fillText('Centered', canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2);

// 5. Gradients
// Linear gradient
const linearGrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 200, 0);
linearGrad.addColorStop(0, '#4285f4');
linearGrad.addColorStop(1, '#34a853');

ctx.fillStyle = linearGrad;
ctx.fillRect(10, 300, 200, 100);

// Radial gradient
const radialGrad = ctx.createRadialGradient(330, 350, 10, 330, 350, 50);
radialGrad.addColorStop(0, '#fff');
radialGrad.addColorStop(1, '#4285f4');

ctx.fillStyle = radialGrad;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(330, 350, 50, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fill();

// 6. Images
const img = new Image();
img.onload = () => {
  // Draw image
  ctx.drawImage(img, 10, 450);

  // Scale image
  ctx.drawImage(img, 210, 450, 100, 100);

  // Crop and scale
  ctx.drawImage(
    img,
    0, 0, 100, 100, // source x, y, width, height
    410, 450, 80, 80 // dest x, y, width, height
  );
};
img.src = '/path/to/image.jpg';

// 7. Transformations
ctx.save(); // Save current state

ctx.translate(100, 100);
ctx.rotate(Math.PI / 4); // 45 degrees
ctx.scale(1.5, 1.5);

ctx.fillStyle = '#ea4335';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 50, 50);

ctx.restore(); // Restore saved state

// 8. Compositing
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5; // Transparency
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'multiply';

// 9. Shadows
ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)';
ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
ctx.shadowOffsetX = 5;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = 5;

ctx.fillStyle = '#4285f4';
ctx.fillRect(500, 300, 100, 80);

// Reset shadows
ctx.shadowColor = 'transparent';

// 10. Animation with requestAnimationFrame
let x = 0;
const ballRadius = 20;
const ballColor = '#4285f4';

function animate() {
  // Clear canvas
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  // Draw ball
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.arc(x, canvas.height - 100, ballRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
  ctx.fillStyle = ballColor;
  ctx.fill();

  // Update position
  x += 2;
  if (x > canvas.width + ballRadius) {
    x = -ballRadius;
  }

  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}

animate();

// 11. Interactive canvas
canvas.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
  const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  const x = e.clientX - rect.left;
  const y = e.clientY - rect.top;

  // Draw circle at click position
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.arc(x, y, 10, 0, Math.PI * 2);
  ctx.fillStyle = '#ea4335';
  ctx.fill();
});

// 12. Particle system
class Particle {
  constructor(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 4;
    this.vy = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 4;
    this.radius = Math.random() * 3 + 1;
    this.alpha = 1;
  }

  update() {
    this.x += this.vx;
    this.y += this.vy;
    this.alpha -= 0.01;
  }

  draw(ctx) {
    ctx.save();
    ctx.globalAlpha = this.alpha;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
    ctx.fillStyle = '#4285f4';
    ctx.fill();
    ctx.restore();
  }

  isDead() {
    return this.alpha <= 0;
  }
}

const particles = [];

canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
  const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  const x = e.clientX - rect.left;
  const y = e.clientY - rect.top;

  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    particles.push(new Particle(x, y));
  }
});

function animateParticles() {
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1)';
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  for (let i = particles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    const particle = particles[i];
    particle.update();
    particle.draw(ctx);

    if (particle.isDead()) {
      particles.splice(i, 1);
    }
  }

  requestAnimationFrame(animateParticles);
}

animateParticles();