SVG manipulation with JavaScript

                  // 1. Create SVG elements
const svgNS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';

function createSVGElement(type, attributes = {}) {
  const element = document.createElementNS(svgNS, type);
  Object.entries(attributes).forEach(([key, value]) => {
    element.setAttribute(key, value);
  });
  return element;
}

// Create SVG container
const svg = createSVGElement('svg', {
  width: '600',
  height: '400',
  viewBox: '0 0 600 400'
});
document.body.appendChild(svg);

// 2. Create shapes
// Circle
const circle = createSVGElement('circle', {
  cx: '100',
  cy: '100',
  r: '50',
  fill: '#4285f4',
  stroke: '#1a73e8',
  'stroke-width': '2'
});
svg.appendChild(circle);

// Rectangle
const rect = createSVGElement('rect', {
  x: '200',
  y: '50',
  width: '100',
  height: '80',
  fill: '#34a853',
  rx: '10' // rounded corners
});
svg.appendChild(rect);

// Line
const line = createSVGElement('line', {
  x1: '50',
  y1: '200',
  x2: '200',
  y2: '200',
  stroke: '#ea4335',
  'stroke-width': '3'
});
svg.appendChild(line);

// Polyline
const polyline = createSVGElement('polyline', {
  points: '250,200 300,220 350,180 400,210',
  fill: 'none',
  stroke: '#fbbc04',
  'stroke-width': '2'
});
svg.appendChild(polyline);

// Polygon
const polygon = createSVGElement('polygon', {
  points: '450,200 500,250 400,250',
  fill: '#ea4335'
});
svg.appendChild(polygon);

// 3. Path element (complex shapes)
const path = createSVGElement('path', {
  d: 'M 50 300 Q 150 250 250 300 T 450 300',
  fill: 'none',
  stroke: '#4285f4',
  'stroke-width': '2'
});
svg.appendChild(path);

// Path commands:
// M = moveto
// L = lineto
// H = horizontal lineto
// V = vertical lineto
// C = curveto (cubic Bezier)
// S = smooth curveto
// Q = quadratic Bezier curve
// T = smooth quadratic Bezier
// A = elliptical arc
// Z = closepath

// 4. Text
const text = createSVGElement('text', {
  x: '300',
  y: '350',
  'text-anchor': 'middle',
  'font-size': '24',
  fill: '#000'
});
text.textContent = 'SVG Text';
svg.appendChild(text);

// 5. Groups
const group = createSVGElement('g', {
  transform: 'translate(500, 300)'
});

const groupCircle = createSVGElement('circle', {
  cx: '0',
  cy: '0',
  r: '20',
  fill: '#4285f4'
});

const groupRect = createSVGElement('rect', {
  x: '-10',
  y: '-40',
  width: '20',
  height: '30',
  fill: '#34a853'
});

group.appendChild(groupCircle);
group.appendChild(groupRect);
svg.appendChild(group);

// 6. Animations with JavaScript
let angle = 0;

function rotateSVG() {
  angle += 1;
  group.setAttribute('transform', `translate(500, 300) rotate(${angle})`);
  requestAnimationFrame(rotateSVG);
}

rotateSVG();

// 7. Interactive SVG
circle.addEventListener('click', function() {
  const currentFill = this.getAttribute('fill');
  const newFill = currentFill === '#4285f4' ? '#ea4335' : '#4285f4';
  this.setAttribute('fill', newFill);
});

circle.addEventListener('mouseenter', function() {
  this.setAttribute('r', '60');
});

circle.addEventListener('mouseleave', function() {
  this.setAttribute('r', '50');
});

// 8. Drag and drop SVG elements
let selectedElement = null;
let offset = null;

svg.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
  if (e.target.tagName === 'circle' || e.target.tagName === 'rect') {
    selectedElement = e.target;
    const transform = selectedElement.transform.baseVal;

    if (transform.length === 0) {
      const translate = svg.createSVGTransform();
      selectedElement.transform.baseVal.appendItem(translate);
    }

    const pt = svg.createSVGPoint();
    pt.x = e.clientX;
    pt.y = e.clientY;

    offset = pt.matrixTransform(svg.getScreenCTM().inverse());
  }
});

svg.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
  if (selectedElement) {
    e.preventDefault();

    const pt = svg.createSVGPoint();
    pt.x = e.clientX;
    pt.y = e.clientY;

    const cursorPt = pt.matrixTransform(svg.getScreenCTM().inverse());
    const dx = cursorPt.x - offset.x;
    const dy = cursorPt.y - offset.y;

    const transform = selectedElement.transform.baseVal.getItem(0);
    transform.setTranslate(dx, dy);
  }
});

svg.addEventListener('mouseup', () => {
  selectedElement = null;
});

// 9. Charts with SVG
function createBarChart(data, width, height) {
  const chartSvg = createSVGElement('svg', {
    width: width,
    height: height,
    viewBox: `0 0 ${width} ${height}`
  });

  const maxValue = Math.max(...data.map(d => d.value));
  const barWidth = width / data.length;

  data.forEach((item, index) => {
    const barHeight = (item.value / maxValue) * (height - 40);
    const x = index * barWidth;
    const y = height - barHeight - 20;

    const bar = createSVGElement('rect', {
      x: x + 5,
      y: y,
      width: barWidth - 10,
      height: barHeight,
      fill: '#4285f4'
    });

    const label = createSVGElement('text', {
      x: x + barWidth / 2,
      y: height - 5,
      'text-anchor': 'middle',
      'font-size': '12'
    });
    label.textContent = item.label;

    chartSvg.appendChild(bar);
    chartSvg.appendChild(label);
  });

  return chartSvg;
}

const chartData = [
  { label: 'A', value: 30 },
  { label: 'B', value: 50 },
  { label: 'C', value: 40 },
  { label: 'D', value: 70 },
  { label: 'E', value: 20 }
];

const chart = createBarChart(chartData, 400, 200);
document.body.appendChild(chart);

// 10. SVG filters
const defs = createSVGElement('defs');
svg.appendChild(defs);

const filter = createSVGElement('filter', {
  id: 'blur'
});

const blur = createSVGElement('feGaussianBlur', {
  in: 'SourceGraphic',
  stdDeviation: '5'
});

filter.appendChild(blur);
defs.appendChild(filter);

// Apply filter
circle.setAttribute('filter', 'url(#blur)');