owasp

I teach SQL injection by showing the vulnerable pattern first and then replacing it with parameterized queries. The important point is that escaping is not a strategy and string interpolation is not acceptable anywhere user input reaches SQL. I also p

XSS defense works best in layers: correct output encoding, sanitization for trusted rich text only, and a restrictive Content-Security-Policy. I avoid storing untrusted HTML unless there is a strong product reason. When rich content is required, I san

A WAF is not a license to ignore secure coding, but it can still buy useful time and visibility. I tune rules for known attack classes and watch false positives aggressively during rollout. Managed poorly, a WAF becomes operational pain; managed well,

SSRF defense requires more than banning localhost. I parse URLs with a real library, enforce scheme and host allowlists, resolve and reject private IP ranges, and pair app-level checks with network egress rules. If an attacker can turn your server int