callback

This snippet ensures usernames are consistently formatted by automatically trimming spaces and converting them to lowercase before saving. The before_save callback in the User model prevents duplicates caused by case differences. The UsersController h

This snippet ensures every article gets a unique, readable slug based on its title, keeping it short and pronounceable. It grabs the first two words of the title and appends a 4-character random string to prevent duplicates. The before_validation call