ViewComponent brings component architecture to Rails views. Components encapsulate markup, logic, and tests in Ruby classes. I use ViewComponents for reusable UI elements—buttons, cards, modals, alerts. Components accept parameters via initializer, ke

Stimulus adds JavaScript behavior to HTML without building SPAs. Controllers attach to DOM elements via data-controller. I use Stimulus for modals, dropdowns, form validation, autocomplete. Actions connect events to controller methods via data-action.

Rails engines are miniature Rails applications within applications. I use engines for extracting reusable functionality—authentication, billing, admin panels. Engines have their own models, controllers, views, routes, migrations. Mountable engines are

GraphQL enables clients to request exactly the data they need. The graphql-ruby gem implements GraphQL servers in Rails. Types define data structures—ObjectTypes for models, InputTypes for mutations. Queries fetch data; mutations modify data. Resolver

Value objects represent immutable domain concepts without identity. I use value objects for money, addresses, date ranges, coordinates. Value objects are compared by value, not identity—two identical addresses are equal. They're immutable—create new i

ActiveStorage handles file uploads with cloud storage integration. It supports local disk, S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure. Files attach to models via has_one_attached and has_many_attached. I use ActiveStorage for avatars, documents, images. Image va

Draper decorators encapsulate view-specific logic, keeping models clean. Decorators wrap models, adding presentation methods without polluting domain logic. I use decorators for formatting, conditional rendering, helper delegation. Decorators access h

rack-mini-profiler reveals performance bottlenecks in Rails apps. It displays database queries, rendering time, memory allocation on every page. I use Flamegraphs to visualize where time is spent. Memory profiling identifies allocation hotspots. Query

Rack middleware processes HTTP requests/responses in Rails' stack. Middleware sits between web server and application, modifying requests before they reach controllers. I build custom middleware for logging, authentication, rate limiting, request modi

Pundit provides simple, object-oriented authorization. Policies encapsulate authorization rules in plain Ruby classes. Each model gets a policy class defining who can perform actions. I use Pundit for fine-grained permissions—different users see diffe

ActionCable integrates WebSockets seamlessly with Rails. Channels handle pub/sub messaging between server and clients. I use ActionCable for chat, notifications, live updates. Channels subscribe clients to streams; broadcasting pushes data to subscrib

Hotwire Turbo delivers SPA speed without JavaScript complexity. Turbo Drive accelerates navigation by replacing page body without full reload. Turbo Frames update page sections independently—click a frame link, only that frame refreshes. Turbo Streams