rails

Concerns extract shared logic from controllers into reusable modules, keeping controllers DRY. I create concerns for cross-cutting features like authentication, pagination, or error handling. The extend ActiveSupport::Concern pattern provides included

As business logic grows, controllers become bloated with transaction management, error handling, and cross-model orchestration. Service objects extract this complexity into dedicated classes with a single public method (usually call), keeping controll

GraphQL enables clients to request exactly the data they need. The graphql-ruby gem implements GraphQL servers in Rails. Types define data structures—ObjectTypes for models, InputTypes for mutations. Queries fetch data; mutations modify data. Resolver

Copy buttons are deceptively tricky across browsers. This Stimulus controller uses the Clipboard API when available, falls back to execCommand, and provides a hook for “Copied!” UI.

Migrations evolve database schema safely across environments. I follow strict conventions: one logical change per migration, descriptive names, reversible operations. Using change instead of up/down enables automatic rollback for most operations. For

Turbo gives you a handful of built-in stream actions (append, replace, remove), but sometimes you want behavior like “replace then highlight”. You can implement this as a custom action: send a turbo-stream with action='highlight' and include a templat

As applications grow, read operations often dominate database load. Directing reads to replica databases while keeping writes on the primary reduces contention and improves response times. Rails makes this straightforward with connects_to and role-bas

A per-request statement_timeout is a great “seatbelt” for endpoints that can run bad queries when parameters are unexpected. You can set it for a block; Postgres enforces the wall clock limit.

ActiveStorage provides a unified interface for uploading files to cloud storage services like S3, GCS, or Azure Storage. I configure storage services in config/storage.yml and attach files to models using has_one_attached or has_many_attached macros.

Command objects (a.k.a. “actions”) make controllers boring. They’re easy to test, easy to instrument, and they produce a stable API for the rest of your app. This is the kind of structure that makes large Rails apps maintainable.

Admin actions are production sharp edges. Require a typed confirmation string, log actor + request_id, and run the dangerous work in a background job. This reduces accidental incidents.

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) allows browsers to make requests from React apps hosted on different domains than the Rails API. The rack-cors gem configures CORS middleware with fine-grained control over origins, methods, and headers. In develop