spring-boot

Rate limiting prevents API abuse and ensures fair resource usage. I implement rate limiting using Bucket4j for token bucket algorithm or Redis for distributed scenarios. Limits apply per user, IP, or API key. HTTP 429 (Too Many Requests) indicates lim

Spring Boot Actuator provides production-ready features—health checks, metrics, info endpoints. /actuator/health shows application status for load balancers. /actuator/metrics exposes JVM metrics, HTTP stats, custom metrics. /actuator/info displays ap

Multi-tenancy serves multiple customers (tenants) from single application instance. Schema-per-tenant isolates data in separate databases. Shared schema with tenant ID column partitions data within tables. Discriminator-based approach uses JPA filters

Kubernetes orchestrates containerized applications at scale. Deployments manage ReplicaSets ensuring desired pod count. Services expose pods with stable endpoints. ConfigMaps externalize configuration. Secrets store sensitive data. Resource limits pre

Spring Boot simplifies building production-ready REST APIs with minimal configuration. I use @RestController to create RESTful endpoints and @RequestMapping to define routes. The @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, and @DeleteMapping annotations h

JUnit 5 provides a modern testing framework with @Test, @BeforeEach, @AfterEach lifecycle hooks. Mockito creates test doubles with @Mock and @InjectMocks annotations. I use when().thenReturn() to stub method responses and verify() to confirm interacti

SLF4J provides a logging facade, Logback implements it efficiently. I use logger levels—TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR—to control verbosity. Parameterized logging with {} placeholders improves performance versus string concatenation. MDC (Mapped Diag

Spring Cache abstraction simplifies caching with annotations. @Cacheable caches method results—subsequent calls with same arguments return cached values. @CachePut always executes methods and updates cache. @CacheEvict removes entries or clears entire

API versioning manages evolution while supporting existing clients. URI versioning uses paths—/api/v1/users, /api/v2/users. Header versioning employs custom headers—X-API-Version: 2. Content negotiation uses Accept headers—application/vnd.myapi.v2+jso