Adding unique request IDs helps trace logs across distributed systems. I generate a UUID for each request and attach it to both the request object and response headers. I also add it to the logging context so all log entries for that request include t

Database routers direct queries to specific databases. I implement db_for_read(), db_for_write(), allow_relation(), and allow_migrate() methods. This enables read replicas, sharding by model, or separating analytics data. The router checks model label

Context processors add variables to every template context automatically. I create a function that takes request and returns a dict. This is perfect for site-wide settings like site name, current year, or user preferences. I add my processor to TEMPLA

The Django admin is powerful when customized. I set list_display for column layout, list_filter and search_fields for finding records. Using readonly_fields, I prevent editing certain fields. The fieldsets organize the form layout. For computed values

Q objects enable complex query logic with OR, AND, and NOT operations. I combine them with | for OR and & for AND. The ~Q() syntax negates a condition. This is cleaner than raw SQL for dynamic filters. I build Q objects conditionally based on user

File uploads require careful validation for security. I validate file size using a custom validator and check content type. Using FileField or ImageField, Django handles storage automatically. I configure MEDIA_ROOT and MEDIA_URL for development. For

Abstract base classes let me define common fields and methods without creating database tables. I set abstract = True in Meta. Concrete models inheriting from the abstract class get all its fields and methods. This is perfect for timestamps, soft dele

Template tags extend Django's template language. I create simple tags with @register.simple_tag and inclusion tags with @register.inclusion_tag for rendering template snippets with context. Assignment tags store results in template variables. I place

Nested serializers display related data clearly but are read-only by default. To make them writable, I override create() and update() methods. For simple nesting, PrimaryKeyRelatedField or SlugRelatedField works well. For deeper nesting, I validate ne

Database transactions ensure data integrity when multiple operations must succeed or fail together. I use @transaction.atomic on views or functions to wrap them in a transaction. For partial rollbacks, I use transaction.atomic() as a context manager a

I use Django's cache framework to avoid expensive queries and computations. The cache_page decorator caches entire view responses by URL. For more control, I use the low-level cache API to store query results or computed values. I set reasonable timeo

Factory Boy eliminates boilerplate in tests by generating model instances with sensible defaults. I use Sequence for unique values, SubFactory for foreign keys, and post_generation for many-to-many relationships. The Faker integration provides realist